Understanding Pigmentation — Causes, Types, and Professional Solutions

Last updated: 5 March 2026

Pigmentation irregularities are among the most common skin concerns we see at our Harley Street practice. Whether it is sun spots, melasma, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, understanding the root cause is essential to finding an effective solution.

The Science Behind Pigmentation

Melanin, produced by melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis, is responsible for skin colour. When melanocytes become overactive or damaged, they produce excess melanin, resulting in dark patches or uneven tone.

Common Types of Pigmentation

Solar Lentigines (Sun Spots)

These flat, brown spots appear on sun-exposed areas and are caused by cumulative UV damage. They are most common on the face, hands, and chest.

Melasma

Often called the “mask of pregnancy,” melasma presents as symmetrical brown patches on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It is triggered by hormonal changes, UV exposure, and heat.

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

PIH occurs after skin injury or inflammation, such as acne, burns, or overly aggressive treatments. It is particularly common in darker skin tones.

Professional Treatment Options

• Chemical peels targeting melanin production
• Laser therapy for specific pigment wavelengths
• Prescription topical treatments (retinoids, hydroquinone)
• Combination protocols for melasma management

The most important step is an accurate diagnosis. Schedule a skin assessment with our dermatology team.

This article is for informational purposes only. Individual results vary.