Liposuction

Liposuction removes localised deposits of fat through small incisions using a cannula and suction. It is a contouring procedure for areas that have not responded to diet and exercise; it is not a treatment for obesity and it is not a weight-loss operation.

How it works

The area is marked and infiltrated with a solution containing local anaesthetic and a medicine to reduce blood loss, bruising and swelling. Fat is then broken up, using vibration, laser or water-jet energy depending on the technique, and suctioned out through small incisions which are closed and dressed.

What is involved

• Anaesthetic: usually general anaesthetic; an epidural may be used for lower-body areas.
• Duration: 1 to 3 hours.
• Stay: most people stay in hospital overnight.

Recovery

Stitches are removed at about a week. A compression garment is worn to control swelling. Light exercise is usually possible at 3 to 4 weeks and strenuous activity at 10 to 12 weeks. Swelling can persist for up to 6 months and numbness in the treated area commonly lasts 6 to 8 weeks. The final contour takes up to six months to settle.

Risks and limitations

Recognised complications include lumpy or uneven results, contour irregularity, blood clots, a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary oedema), and damage to internal organs if the cannula penetrates too deeply. Bruising, prolonged swelling, numbness and scars at the access points are usual.

Liposuction removes fat; it does not tighten skin. Where skin quality is poor or there is significant laxity, removing the fat beneath can leave loose skin and a worse contour than before. That assessment is the main determinant of whether liposuction alone is the right operation, or whether an excisional procedure is needed.

Fat cells removed do not return, but the remaining fat cells can still enlarge with weight gain, and weight gained after liposuction distributes differently.

Information on this page reflects NHS and UK specialist association patient guidance. It is general information, not medical advice, and it is not a substitute for an individual assessment by a qualified clinician.