Polynucleotide Therapy — The Science Behind Skin Regeneration

Last updated: 5 March 2026

Polynucleotide therapy has rapidly become one of the most talked-about innovations in regenerative aesthetics. Derived from purified DNA fragments, typically sourced from salmon or trout gonads, polynucleotides (PN) represent a biologically active approach to skin rejuvenation that works at the cellular level rather than simply masking the signs of ageing.

The Science of Polynucleotides

Polynucleotides are long chains of nucleotides, the fundamental building blocks of DNA. When injected into the dermis, these biopolymers act as a biological scaffold that stimulates fibroblast activity, the cells responsible for producing collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. Research published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2021) demonstrated that polynucleotide treatment increased fibroblast proliferation by up to 73% compared to untreated controls.

The mechanism of action is multifaceted. Polynucleotides bind to purinergic receptors on cell surfaces, activating signalling pathways that promote tissue repair and regeneration. They also exhibit potent antioxidant properties, scavenging free radicals that contribute to oxidative stress and premature skin ageing. Additionally, PNs improve tissue hydration by attracting and retaining water molecules within the extracellular matrix.

Key Benefits

• Deep hydration: Improved water-binding capacity within the dermal matrix
• Collagen stimulation: Enhanced fibroblast activity and neocollagenesis
• Antioxidant protection: Reduction of oxidative damage from UV exposure and environmental pollutants
• Improved elasticity: Measurable improvement in skin firmness and bounce
• Scar remodelling: Beneficial for atrophic acne scars and post-surgical scarring
• Under-eye rejuvenation: Particularly effective for dark circles and crepey periorbital skin

How Treatment Is Administered

Polynucleotide therapy is delivered through a series of microinjections into the mid-to-deep dermis. The procedure takes approximately 20 to 30 minutes, and most patients require minimal topical anaesthesia due to the fine gauge of the needles used. Products such as Ameela, Nucleofill, and Plinest have received CE marking for use in Europe and represent the leading formulations currently available.

A standard treatment protocol involves two to three sessions spaced two to four weeks apart, followed by maintenance treatments every three to six months. Clinical results begin to manifest at approximately two weeks post-treatment, with peak improvements observed at eight to twelve weeks.

Clinical Evidence

A 2022 randomised controlled trial published in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery evaluated polynucleotide injections in 60 patients with moderate photoageing. At 12 weeks, treated subjects showed a statistically significant improvement in skin elasticity (measured by cutometry), hydration levels (corneometry), and overall skin quality assessed by blinded dermatologists. No serious adverse events were reported.

Who Is a Good Candidate?

Polynucleotide therapy is suitable for patients of all ages and skin types. It is particularly well-suited for those experiencing early volume loss, dull or dehydrated skin, fine lines around the eyes and mouth, or those looking to optimise skin quality before or after other aesthetic procedures. The treatment is biocompatible and carries an exceptionally low risk of allergic reaction due to its DNA-based composition.

At Axiom Aesthetics, we incorporate polynucleotide therapy into personalised treatment plans that may include complementary procedures such as Morpheus8 or dermal fillers for comprehensive facial rejuvenation. Contact our Harley Street clinic to learn whether PNs could benefit your skin health journey.